Edom and
Idumea are two related but distinct terms relating to a historically contiguous population, but two separate, if adjacent, territories occupied at different periods of their history by the Edomites/Idumeans. The Edomites first established a biblical kingdom ("Edom") in the southern area of modern
Jordan, and later migrated into southern parts of the
Kingdom of Judah ("Idumea") when Judah was first weakened, then destroyed by the
Babylonians in the 6th century BC.