Empress Dowager Cixi

Empress Dowager Cixi¹ (also romanised as Empress Dowager Tzu-hsi; ; ; Manchu: Tsysi taiheo; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a Chinese empress dowager and regent who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years from 1861 until her death in 1908.