The
field holler or
field call is a mostly historical type of
vocal music sung by southern labourers to accompany their work, to communicate usefully or to vent feelings. It differs from the collective
work song in that it was sung solo, though early observers noted that a holler, or ‘cry’, might be echoed by other workers. Though commonly associated with cotton cultivation, the field holler was also sung by levee workers, and field hands in rice and sugar plantations. Field hollers are also known as corn-field hollers, water calls, and whoops. An early description is from 1853 and the first recordings are from the 1930s. The holler is closely related to the
call and response of
work songs, and arhoolies, to
Afro-American and ultimately influenced strands of
African American music, such as the
blues,
rhythm and blues, and
spirituals.