John von Neumann (;
Hungarian:
Neumann János (; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a
Hungarian-American pure and applied
mathematician,
physicist,
inventor, and
polymath. He made major contributions to a number of fields, including
mathematics (
foundations of mathematics,
functional analysis,
ergodic theory,
geometry,
topology, and
numerical analysis),
physics (
quantum mechanics,
hydrodynamics, fluid dynamics and
quantum statistical mechanics),
economics (
game theory),
computing (
Von Neumann architecture,
linear programming,
self-replicating machines,
stochastic computing), and
statistics.