Kholmogory is a historic
rural locality (a
selo) and the
administrative center of
Kholmogorsky District of
Arkhangelsk Oblast,
Russia. It lies on the left bank of the
Northern Dvina River, along the
Kholmogory Highway, southeast of
Arkhangelsk and north of the
Antonievo-Siysky Monastery. The name is derived from the
Finnish Kalmomäki for "corpse hill" ("cemetery"). Population:
The Kholmogory area was at first in historical times inhabited by the Finno-Ugrians "Savolotshij Thsuuds", (sa-volokis, i.e. "the
Chud [who live] beyond the portage"), known also as Yems in old Novgorod chronicles, and Karelians. The first Slavonic population to enter to Kalmamäki were
Pomors from Vologda area after 1220. As early as the 14th century, the village (the name of which was then spelled
Kolmogory) was an important trading post of the
Novgorod Republic in the Far North of Russia. Its commercial importance further increased in 1554 when the English
Muscovy Company made it a center of its operations in furs. The Polish-Lithuanian vagabonds (see
Lisowczycy) besieged the wooden fort during the
Time of Troubles (1613), but had to retreat in failure. In the course of the 17th and 18th centuries, the settlement was also a place of exile, notably for ex-regent
Anna Leopoldovna and her children.