There are many
breeds of guinea pig or cavy which have been developed since its
domestication ca. 5000 BC. Breeds vary widely in appearance and purpose, ranging from show breeds with long, flowing hair to those in use as
model organisms by science. From ca. 1200 AD to the
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire in 1532, selective breeding by
indigenous South American people resulted in many
landrace varieties of domestic guinea pigs, which form the basis for some of the modern, formal breeds. Early Andean varieties were primarily kept as agricultural stock for food, and efforts at improving the guinea pig as a food source continue to the modern era.