The
eighth Mandala of the
Rigveda has 103 hymns. Other than the "family books" (Mandalas 2-7, dated as an old part of the RV) and
RV 1 and
RV 10 (dated as the latest portion of hymns composed shortly before redaction of the Rigveda into
shakhas), Mandala 8 cannot straightforwardly be dated as a whole relative to the other books, and its hymns may include both ancient and late specimens. Most hymns in this book are attributed to the kāṇva family. The hymns 8.49 to 8.59 are the apocryphal vālakhilya, the majority of them are devoted to
Indra; these are accepted as a recent portion, properly already post-Rigvedic.