Partition problem

In computer science, the partition problem (or number partitioning) is the task of deciding whether a given multiset S of positive integers can be partitioned into two subsets S₁ and S₂ such that the sum of the numbers in S₁ equals the sum of the numbers in S₂. Although the partition problem is NP-complete, there is a pseudo-polynomial time dynamic programming solution, and there are heuristics that solve the problem in many instances, either optimally or approximately. For this reason, it has been called "the easiest NP-hard problem".