Polish underground press

Polish underground press devoted to prohibited materials (sl. , lit. semitransparent blotting paper or, alternatively, , lit. second circulation) has a long history of combatting censorship of oppressive regimes in Poland. It existed throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, including: under foreign occupation of the country, as well as, during the totalitarian rule of the pro-Soviet government. Throughout the Eastern Bloc, bibula published until the collapse of communism was known also as samizdat (see below).