Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov (; 19 February 1940 – 21 December 2006) was a
Turkmen politician who served as the leader of
Turkmenistan from 1985 until his death in 2006. He was First Secretary of the
Turkmen Communist Party from 1985 until 1991 and continued to lead Turkmenistan for 15 years after independence from the
Soviet Union in 1991.