The
Tripartite Pact, also known as the
Berlin Pact, was an agreement between
Germany,
Italy and
Japan signed in
Berlin on 27 September 1940 by, respectively,
Adolf Hitler,
Galeazzo Ciano and
Saburo Kurusu. It was a defensive
military alliance that was eventually joined by
Hungary (20 November 1940),
Romania (23 November 1940),
Bulgaria (1 March 1941) and
Yugoslavia (25 March 1941), as well as by the German client state of
Slovakia (24 November 1940). Yugoslavia's adherence provoked a
coup d'état in Belgrade, and Italy and Germany responded by
invading Yugoslavia (with Bulgarian, Hungarian and Romanian assistance) and partitioning the country. The resulting Italo-German client state of
Croatia joined the pact on 15 June 1941.