The
Council of Twelve Men was a group of 12 men, chosen on 29 August 1641 by the residents of
New Netherland to advise the
Director of New Netherland,
Willem Kieft, on relations with the
Native Americans due to the murder of Claes Swits. Although the council was not permanent, it was the first representational form of democracy in the Dutch colony. The next two councils created were known as the
Eight Men and the
Nine Men