In
number theory, an
abundant number or
excessive number is a number for which the sum of its
proper divisors is greater than the number itself. The integer 12 is the first abundant number. Its proper divisors are 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 for a total of 16. The amount by which the sum exceeds the number is the
abundance. The number 12 has an abundance of 4, for example.