schwa deletion in Indo-Aryan languages

The schwa deletion or schwa syncope phenomenon occurs in Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu), Bengali, Marathi, Nepali, Kashmiri, Punjabi, Gujarati, Maithili and several other Indo-Aryan languages, where schwas implicit in the written scripts of those languages are obligatorily deleted in pronunciation. Schwa syncope is important in these languages for intelligibility and unaccented speech. It also presents a challenge to non-native speakers and speech synthesis software because the scripts, including Devanagari, do not provide indicators of where schwas should be dropped.