A
welfare state is a concept of government in which the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens. It is based on the principles of
equality of opportunity, equitable
distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. The general term may cover a variety of forms of economic and social organization. The sociologist
T.H. Marshall described the modern welfare state as a distinctive combination of
democracy,
welfare, and
capitalism.