Artemisia II of Caria (
Greek: Ἀρτεμισία; died 350 BCE) was the sister, the wife, and the successor of
Mausolus, ruler of
Caria, who was nominally the
Persian satrap; Mausolus enjoyed the status of king or
dynast of the
Hecatomnid dynasty. After the death of her brother/husband, she reigned for two years, from 353 to 351 BCE. Her administration was conducted on the same principles as that of her husband; in particular, she supported the
oligarchical party on the
island of
Rhodes.