Black Book of Communism

The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression is a book written by several European academics and edited by Stéphane Courtois, and documents a history of repressions, both political and civilian, by Communist states, including genocides, extrajudicial executions, deportations, and artificial famines. The book was originally published in 1997 in France under the title Le Livre noir du communisme: Crimes, terreur, répression by Éditions Robert Laffont. In the United States it is published by Harvard University Press. The German edition, published by Piper Verlag, includes a chapter written by Joachim Gauck, who later went on to be President of Germany.