The
Cariboo is an
intermontane region of
British Columbia along a plateau stretching from the
Fraser Canyon to the
Cariboo Mountains. The name is a reference to the
caribou that were once abundant in the region. The Cariboo was the first region of the Interior north of the lower Fraser and its canyon to be settled by non-indigenous people, and played an important part in the early history of the colony and province. The boundaries of the Cariboo proper in its historical sense are debatable, but its original meaning was the region north of the forks of the
Quesnel River and the low mountainous basins between the mouth of that river on the Fraser at the city of Quesnel and the northward end of the Cariboo Mountains - an area that is mostly in the
Quesnel Highland and focused on several now-famous gold-bearing creeks near the head of the
Willow River, the richest of them all,
Williams Creek, the location of
Barkerville, which was the capital of the
Cariboo Gold Rush and also of government officialdom for decades afterwards (it is now a museum town). This area, the Cariboo goldfields, is underpopulated today but was once the most settled and most powerful of the regions of the province's Interior. As settlement spread southwards of this area, flanking the route of the
Cariboo Road and spreading out through the rolling plateaus and benchlands of the
Cariboo Plateau and lands adjoining it along the Fraser and Thompson, the meaning changed to include a wider area than the goldfields.