The
Congress of the Confederation, or the
Confederation Congress, formally referred to as the
United States in Congress Assembled, was the governing body of the
United States of America that existed from March 1, 1781, to March 4, 1789. It comprised delegates appointed by the legislatures or assemblies of the several states. It was preceded by the
Second Continental Congress (1775–1781) and governed under the newly adopted
Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, which were proposed 1776–1777, adopted by the Continental Congress in July 1778 and finally agreed to by a unanimous vote of all thirteen states by 1781, held up by a long dispute over the cession of western territories beyond the
Appalachian Mountains to the central government led by
Maryland and a coalition of smaller states without western claims. The newly reorganized Congress at the time continued to refer itself as the
Continental Congress throughout its eight-year history, although modern historians separate it from the earlier bodies, which operated under slightly different rules and procedures both during the early
American Revolutionary War and the post-war period. The membership of the
Second Continental Congress automatically carried over to the Congress of the Confederation when the latter was created by the ratification of the
Articles of Confederation. It had the same secretary as the
Second Continental Congress, namely
Charles Thomson. The Congress of the Confederation was succeeded by the
Congress of the United States as provided for in the
Constitution of the United States, proposed September 17, 1787, in
Philadelphia and ratified by the states through 1787 to 1788 and even into 1789 and 1790.