Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (; var. Fathalishah, Fathali Shah, Fath Ali Shah; ) was the second
Qajar king (
shah) of
Persia. He reigned from 17 June 1797 until his death. His reign saw the forced and irrevocable ceding of Iran's integral northern territories (
Caucasian territories), which had made part of its concept for centuries, comprising what is nowadays
Georgia,
Dagestan,
Azerbaijan, and
Armenia to
Imperial Russia following the
Russo-Persian War (1804-1813), the
Russo-Persian War (1826-1828) and the respectively resulting
Treaty of Gulistan and
Treaty of Turkmenchay. Historian Joseph M. Upton says that he "is famous among Persians for three things: his exceptionally long beard, his wasp-like waist, and his progeny."