DNA profiling (also called
DNA fingerprinting,
DNA testing, or
DNA typing) is a
forensic technique used to identify individuals by characteristics of their
DNA. A
DNA profile is a small set of DNA variations that is very likely to be different in all unrelated individuals, thereby being as unique to individuals as are
fingerprints (hence the alternate name for the technique). DNA profiling should not be confused with
full genome sequencing. First developed and used in 1985, DNA profiling is used in, for example,
parentage testing and
criminal investigation, to identify a person or to place a person at a crime scene, techniques which are now employed globally in
forensic science to facilitate police detective work and help clarify paternity and immigration disputes.