The
Geography (,
Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its
Latin names as the and the , is a
gazeteer, an
atlas, and a treatise on
cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century
Roman Empire. Originally written by
Ptolemy in
Greek at
Alexandria around AD 150, the work was a revision of a now-lost atlas by
Marinus of
Tyre using additional Roman and
Persian gazetteers and new principles. Its translation into
Arabic in the 9th century and
Latin in 1406 was highly influential on the geographical knowledge and cartographic traditions of the
medieval Caliphate and Renaissance Europe.