Argentina has 35
indigenous groups or
Argentine Amerindians or
Native Argentines, according to the Complementary Survey of the Indigenous Peoples of 2004, in the first attempt in more than a 100 years that the government tried to recognize and classify the population according to ethnicity. In the survey, based on
self-identification or self-ascription, around 600,000 Argentines declared to be
Amerindian or first-generation descendants of Amerindians, that is, 1.49% of the population. The most populous of these were the
Tehuelche,
Kolla,
Toba,
Wichí,
Diaguita,
Mocoví,
Huarpe peoples,
Mapuche and
Guarani In the , 955,032 Argentines declared to be
Amerindian or first-generation descendants of Amerindians, that is, 2.38% of the population. Many Argentines also claim at least one indigenous ancestor: in a recent genetic study conducted by the
University of Buenos Aires, more than 56% of the 320 Argentines sampled were shown to have at least one indigenous ancestor in one parental lineage and about 11% had indigenous ancestors in both parental lineages.