Isma'il Pasha (
Isma‘il Basha,
Turkish:
Ismail Pasa), known as
Ismail the Magnificent (31 December 1830 – 2 March 1895), was the
Khedive of
Egypt and
Sudan from 1863 to 1879, when he was removed at the behest of the
United Kingdom. Sharing the ambitious outlook of his grandfather,
Muhammad Ali Pasha, he greatly modernized Egypt and Sudan during his reign, investing heavily in industrial and economic development, urbanisation, and the expansion of the country's boundaries in
Africa.