The
Sultanate of Johor (or sometimes
Johor-Riau or
Johor-Riau-Lingga or more correctly
Johor Empire) was founded by
Malaccan Sultan Mahmud Shah's son, Sultan
Alauddin Riayat Shah II in 1528. Johor was part of the Malaccan Sultanate before the
Portuguese conquered Malacca's capital in 1511. At its height, the sultanate controlled modern-day
Johor,
Riau, and territories stretching from the river
Klang to the
Linggi and
Tanjung Tuan,
Muar,
Batu Pahat,
Singapore,
Pulau Tinggi and other islands off the east coast of the
Malay peninsula, the
Karimun islands, the islands of
Bintan,
Bulang,
Lingga and
Bunguran, and
Bengkalis,
Kampar and
Siak in
Sumatra. During the colonial era, the mainland part was administered by the British, and the insular part by the Dutch, thus breaking up the sultanate into Johor and
Riau. In 1946, the British section became part of the
Malayan Union. Two years later, it joined the
Federation of Malaya and subsequently, the
Federation of Malaysia in 1963. In 1949, the Dutch section became part of
Indonesia.