Kashmir Shaivism is a group of
nondualist Tantric Shaiva traditions from
Kashmir that originated in the second half of the first millennium. The term is most often used to refer to the Anuttaratrikakula (the school of the highest "Trika" or Triad) philosophy also known as the
Pratyabhijna ("Recognition") system expounded by
Abhinavagupta (c. 975-1025 C.E.), but also includes the earlier schools of
Kapalika and its subschools the
Kaula and Krama schools. All these traditions accept the Shaiva Tantras (also called Agamas, c. 9th century CE) as their main scriptures.