The
Kingdom of Mapungubwe (1075–1220) was a pre-colonial state in Southern Africa located at the confluence of the
Shashe and
Limpopo rivers , south of
Great Zimbabwe. The kingdom was the first stage in a development that would culminate in the creation of the
Kingdom of Zimbabwe in the 13th century, and with gold trading links to
Rhapta and
Kilwa Kisiwani on the African east coast. The Kingdom of Mapungubwe lasted about 80 years, and at its height its population was about 5000 people.