The
Mijikenda ("the Nine Tribes") are nine
Bantu ethnic groups inhabiting the coast of
Kenya, between the
Sabaki and the
Umba rivers, in an area stretching from the border with
Tanzania in the south to the border near
Somalia in the north. Archaeologist Chapuruka Kusimba contends that the Mijikenda formerly resided in coastal cities, but later settled in Kenya's hinterlands to avoid submission to dominant Portuguese forces that were then in control. Historically, these Mijikenda ethnic groups have been called the
Nyika or
Nika by outsiders. It is a derogatory term meaning "bush people."