Nuclear binding energy is the energy that would be required to disassemble the
nucleus of an atom into its component parts. These component parts are
neutrons and
protons, which are collectively called
nucleons. The binding energy of nuclei is due to the attractive forces that hold these nucleons together and this is usually a positive number, since most nuclei would require the expenditure of energy to separate them into individual protons and neutrons. The
mass of an atomic nucleus is usually less than the sum of the individual masses of the protons and neutrons (according to Einstein's equation E=mc
2) and this 'missing mass' is known as the
mass defect, and represents the energy that was released when the nucleus was formed.