Panarthropoda is an animal taxon combining the phylaArthropoda, Tardigrada, Onychophora, and the genusThelxiope. Not all studies support it, but most do, including neuroanatomical, mitogenomic and palaeontological studies. Originally, they were considered to be closely related to the annelids, grouped together as the Articulata, but newer studies place them among the Ecdysozoa.