A
perforated eardrum or
punctured eardrum is a rupture or perforation (hole) of the
eardrum which can occur as a result of
otitis media (ear infection),
trauma (e.g. by trying to clean the ear with sharp instruments),
explosion, loud noise or surgery (accidental creation of a rupture). Flying with a severe cold can also cause perforation due to changes in air pressure and blocked
eustachian tubes resulting from the cold. This is especially true on landing.