Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing

Reasonable and non-discriminatory terms (RAND), also known as fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory terms (FRAND), are a licensing obligation that is often required by standards organizations for members that participate in the standard-setting process. Standard-setting organizations are the industry groups that set common standards for a particular industry in order to ensure compatibility and interoperability of devices manufactured by different companies. By 2013, "FRANeD" commitments were cited 10 times more often by courts and scholarly papers than 10 years earlier in 2003.