The
First,
Second, and
Third Samnite Wars (343- 341 BC, 326- 304 BC and 298-290 BC) were fought between the Roman Republic and the
Samnites, who lived on a stretch of the
Apennine Mountains to the south of Rome and the north of the
Lucanians. The first of these wars was the result of Rome intervening to rescue the Campanian city of
Capua from a Samnite attack. The second one was the result of Rome’s intervention in the politics of the city of Naples and developed into a contest over the control of much of central and southern Italy. The third war also involved a struggle over the control of this part of Italy. The wars extended over half a century and the peoples to the east, north and west of
Samnium (Land of the Samnites) and well as the peoples of central Italy north of Rome (the Etruscans, Umbrians and Picenti) and the Senone Gauls got involved to various degrees and at various points in time. The Samnites were one of early Rome's most formidable rivals.