Super Bowl XXXVIII – which was broadcast
live on February 1, 2004, from
Houston,
Texas, on the
CBS television network in the
United States – was noted for a controversial
halftime show in which
Janet Jackson's
breast, adorned with a
nipple shield, was exposed by
Justin Timberlake for about half a second, in what was later referred to as a "
wardrobe malfunction". The incident, sometimes referred to as
Nipplegate, was widely discussed. Along with the rest of the halftime show, it led to an immediate crackdown and widespread debate on perceived indecency in broadcasting. The
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) fined CBS a record
US$550,000 which was fought in the
Supreme Court, but that fine was appealed and ultimately voided by the
Third Circuit Court of Appeals in a 2011 ruling, and a case to reinstate the fine was refused in 2012.