The
United States Armed Forces are the
federal military forces of the
United States. They consist of the
Army,
Marine Corps,
Navy,
Air Force, and
Coast Guard. The
President of the United States is the military's overall head, and helps form military policy with the
U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), a
federal executive department, acting as the principal organ by which military policy is carried out.
From the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the
history of the United States. A sense of national unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the
First Barbary War and the
Second Barbary War. Even so, the
Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force. It played an important role in the
American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a large standing army become officially established. The
National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold War's onset, created the modern U.S. military framework; the Act merged previously Cabinet-level
Department of War and the
Department of the Navy into the
National Military Establishment (renamed the Department of Defense in 1949), headed by the Secretary of Defense; and created the
Department of the Air Force and National Security Council.