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Additional
Upstream and downstream (transduction)
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Upstream and downstream (transduction)
In molecular biology, the terms
upstream
and
downstream
can refer to the temporal and mechanistic order of cellular and molecular events. For example, in
signal transduction
, the
second messenger
acts downstream to activation of
cell membrane
receptor
s. The other way around, activation of
cell membrane
receptor
s occurs upstream of the production of
second messengers
.
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