Atrial natriuretic peptide (
ANP),
atrial natriuretic factor (
ANF),
atrial natriuretic hormone (
ANH),
Cardionatrine,
Cardiodilatine (
CDD) or
atriopeptin, is a powerful vasodilator, and a protein (
polypeptide)
hormone secreted by heart muscle cells. It is involved in the
homeostatic control of body
water,
sodium,
potassium and fat (
adipose tissue). It is released by muscle cells in the upper chambers (
atria) of the heart (
atrial myocytes) in response to high blood volume. ANP acts to reduce the water, sodium and adipose loads on the circulatory system, thereby reducing blood pressure. ANP has exactly the opposite function of the
aldosterone secreted by the
zona glomerulosa in regard to its effect on sodium in the kidney – that is, aldosterone stimulates sodium retention and ANP generates sodium loss.