Case grammar is a system of
linguistic analysis, focusing on the link between the
valence, or number of subjects, objects, etc., of a
verb and the grammatical context it requires. The system was created by the American linguist
Charles J. Fillmore in (1968), in the context of
Transformational Grammar. This theory analyzes the surface syntactic structure of sentences by studying the combination of deep cases (i.e. semantic roles) -- Agent, Object, Benefactor, Location or Instrument—which are required by a specific
verb. For instance, the verb "give" in English requires an Agent (A) and Object (O), and a Beneficiary (B); e.g. "Jones (A) gave money (O) to the school (B).