Clinical pathology (US, UK, Ireland,
Commonwealth, Portugal, Brazil, Italy, Japan, Peru),
Laboratory Medicine (Germany, Romania, Poland, Eastern Europe),
Clinical analysis (Spain) or
Clinical/Medical Biology (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Austria, North and West Africa...), is a
medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the
laboratory analysis of
bodily fluids, such as
blood,
urine, and tissue homogenates or extracts using the tools of
chemistry,
microbiology,
hematology and
molecular pathology. This specialty requires a
medical residency and should not be confused with
Biomedical science, which is not necessarily related to medicine.