The
enumerated powers are a list of items found in
Article I, Section 8 of the
U.S. Constitution that set forth the authority of
Congress. In summary, Congress may exercise the powers that the Constitution grants it, subject to the individual rights listed in the
Bill of Rights. Moreover, the Constitution expresses various other limitations on Congress, such as the one expressed by the
Tenth Amendment: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." Historically, Congress and the
Supreme Court have
broadly interpreted the enumerated powers, especially by deriving many
implied powers from them. The enumerated powers listed in Article One include both
exclusive federal powers, as well as
concurrent powers that are shared with the states, and all of those powers are to be contrasted with
reserved powers that only the states possess.