Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their
gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed
gender roles as well as biologically through chromosomes, brain structure, and hormonal differences.
Gender systems are often
dichotomous and hierarchical;
gender binary systems may reflect the inequalities that manifest in numerous dimensions of daily life. Gender inequality stems from distinctions, whether empirically grounded or socially constructed. (On differences between the sexes, see
Sex and psychology.)