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Additional
human genome
English Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
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Human genome
The
human genome
is the complete set of
nucleic acid sequence
for
humans
(
Homo sapiens
), encoded as
DNA
within the 23
chromosome
pairs in
cell nuclei
and in a small DNA molecule found within individual
mitochondria
. Human
genomes
include both protein-coding DNA genes and
noncoding DNA
.
Haploid
human genomes, which are contained in
germ cells
(the
egg
and
sperm
gamete
cells created in the
meiosis
phase of
sexual reproduction
before
fertilization
creates a
zygote
) consist of three billion
DNA
base pairs
, while
diploid
genomes (found in
somatic cells
) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the
chimpanzees
(approximately 4%) and
bonobos
.
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