A
pharyngeal consonant is a
consonant that is articulated primarily in the
pharynx. Some phoneticians distinguish upper pharyngeal consonants, or "high" pharyngeals, pronounced by retracting the root of the tongue in the mid to upper pharynx, from
(ary)epiglottal consonants, or "low" pharyngeals, which are articulated with the
aryepiglottic folds against the
epiglottis in the lower larynx, and even
epiglotto-pharyngeal consonants consisting of both those movements combined. Stops and trills can only be reliably produced at the epiglottis, while fricatives can only be reliably produced in the upper pharynx. When these are treated as distinct places of articulation, the term
radical consonant may be used as a cover term, or people may speak of
guttural consonants instead.