Planner (often seen in publications as "PLANNER" although it is not an acronym) is a
programming language designed by
Carl Hewitt at
MIT, and first published in 1969. First, subsets such as Micro-Planner and Pico-Planner were implemented, and then essentially the whole language was implemented as
Popler by Julian Davies at the University of Edinburgh in the
POP-2 programming language. Derivations such as QA4, Conniver, QLISP and Ether (see
Scientific Community Metaphor) were important tools in
Artificial Intelligence research in the 1970s, which influenced commercial developments such as KEE and ART.