Satellite glial cells are
glial cells that cover the surface of
nerve cell bodies in
sensory,
sympathetic and
parasympathetic ganglia. Both satellite glial cells (SGCs) and
Schwann cells (the cells that ensheathe some
nerve fibers) are derived from the
neural crest of the embryo during development. SGCs have been found to play a variety of roles, including control over the microenvironment of sympathetic ganglia. They are thought to have a similar role to
astrocytes in the
central nervous system (CNS). They supply nutrients to the surrounding neurons and also have some structural function. Satellite cells also act as protective, cushioning cells. Additionally, they express a variety of receptors that allow for a range of interactions with neuroactive chemicals. Many of these receptors and other ion channels have recently been implicated in health issues including
chronic pain and
herpes simplex. There is much more to be learned about these cells, and research surrounding additional properties and roles of the SGCs is ongoing.