Second quantization is a formalism used to describe and analyze quantum
many-body systems. It is also known as
canonical quantization in
quantum field theory, in which the fields (typically as the wave functions of matters) are thought of as
field operators, in a similar manner to how the physical quantities (position, momentum etc.) are thought of as operators in
first quantization. The key ideas of this method were introduced in 1927 by
Dirac, and were developed, most notably, by
Fock and
Jordan later.