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Additional
transmutation of species
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Transmutation of species
Transmutation of species
or
Transformism
are terms often used to describe 19th-century evolutionary ideas for the altering of one
species
into another that preceded
Charles Darwin
's theory of
natural selection
. The French
Transformisme
was a term used by
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
in 1809 for his theory, and other 19th century proponents of pre-Darwinian evolutionary ideas included
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
,
Robert Grant
, and
Robert Chambers
who anonymously published the book
Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation
. Opposition in the scientific community to these early theories of evolution, led by influential scientists like the anatomists
Georges Cuvier
and
Richard Owen
and the geologist
Charles Lyell
, was intense. The debate over them was an important stage in the
history of evolutionary thought
and would influence the subsequent
reaction to Darwin's theory
.
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