The
vadose zone, also termed the unsaturated zone, is the part of Earth between the land surface and the top of the
phreatic zone i.e. the position at which the groundwater (the water in the soil's pores) is at atmospheric pressure ("vadose" is from the
Latin for "shallow"). Hence the vadose zone extends from the top of the ground surface to the water table. Water in the vadose zone has a
pressure head less than
atmospheric pressure, and is retained by a combination of
adhesion (
funiculary groundwater), and
capillary action (
capillary groundwater). If the vadose zone envelops
soil, the water contained therein is termed
soil moisture. In fine grained soils, capillary action can cause the pores of the soil to be fully saturated above the water table at a pressure less than atmospheric. The vadose zone does not include the area that is still saturated above the water table, often referred to as the capillary fringe (Freeze & Cherry, 1979).